MySQL column types

We have native support for all of them, yet if that’s not enough for you, feel free to create custom types.

important

All examples in this part of the documentation do not use database column name aliases, and column names are generated from TypeScript keys.

You can use database aliases in column names if you want, and you can also use the casing parameter to define a mapping strategy for Drizzle.

You can read more about it here

integer

A signed integer, stored in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 bytes depending on the magnitude of the value.

import { int, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	int: int()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`int` int
);

tinyint

import { tinyint, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	tinyint: tinyint()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`tinyint` tinyint
);

smallint

import { smallint, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	smallint: smallint()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`smallint` smallint
);

mediumint

import { mediumint, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	mediumint: mediumint()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`mediumint` mediumint
);

bigint

import { bigint, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	bigint: bigint({ mode: 'number' })
	bigintUnsigned: bigint({ mode: 'number', unsigned: true })
});

bigint('...', { mode: 'number' | 'bigint' });

// You can also specify unsigned option for bigint
bigint('...', { mode: 'number' | 'bigint', unsigned: true })

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`bigint` bigint,
	`bigintUnsigned` bigint unsigned
);

We’ve omitted config of M in bigint(M), since it indicates the display width of the numeric type

---

real

import { real, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	real: real()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`real` real
);

import { real, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	realPrecision: real({ precision: 1,}),
	realPrecisionScale: real({ precision: 1, scale: 1,}),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`realPrecision` real(1),
	`realPrecisionScale` real(1, 1)
);

decimal

import { decimal, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	decimal: decimal(),
	decimalNum: decimal({ scale: 30, mode: 'number' }),
	decimalBig: decimal({ scale: 30, mode: 'bigint' }),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`decimal` decimal,
	`decimalNum` decimal(30),
	`decimalBig` decimal(30)
);

import { decimal, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	decimalPrecision: decimal({ precision: 1,}),
	decimalPrecisionScale: decimal({ precision: 1, scale: 1,}),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`decimalPrecision` decimal(1),
	`decimalPrecisionScale` decimal(1, 1)
);

double

import { double, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	double: double('double')
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`double` double
);

import { double, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	doublePrecision: double({ precision: 1,}),
	doublePrecisionScale: double({ precision: 1, scale: 1,}),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`doublePrecision` double(1),
	`doublePrecisionScale` double(1, 1)
);

float

import { float, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	float: float()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`float` float
);

---

serial

SERIAL is an alias for BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT UNIQUE.

import { serial, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	serial: serial()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`serial` serial AUTO_INCREMENT
);

---

binary

BINARY(M) stores a fixed-length byte string of exactly M bytes.
On insert, shorter values are right-padded with 0x00 bytes to reach M bytes; on retrieval, no padding is stripped. All bytes—including trailing 0x00—are significant in comparisons, ORDER BY, and DISTINCT

import { binary, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	binary: binary()
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`binary` binary
);

varbinary

VARBINARY(M) stores a variable-length byte string of exactly M bytes.
On insert, shorter values are right-padded with 0x00 bytes to reach M bytes; on retrieval, no padding is stripped. All bytes—including trailing 0x00—are significant in comparisons, ORDER BY, and DISTINCT

import { varbinary, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	varbinary: varbinary({ length: 2}),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`varbinary` varbinary(2)
);

---

char

import { char, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	char: char(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`char` char
);

varchar

You can define { enum: ["value1", "value2"] } config to infer insert and select types, it won’t check runtime values.

import { varchar, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	varchar: varchar({ length: 2 }),
});

// will be inferred as text: "value1" | "value2" | null
varchar: varchar({ length: 6, enum: ["value1", "value2"] })

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`varchar` varchar(2)
);

text

You can define { enum: ["value1", "value2"] } config to infer insert and select types, it won’t check runtime values.

import { text, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	text: text(),
});

// will be inferred as text: "value1" | "value2" | null
text: text({ enum: ["value1", "value2"] });

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`text` text
);

---

boolean

import { boolean, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	boolean: boolean(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`boolean` boolean
);

---

date

import { boolean, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	date: date(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`date` date
);

datetime

import { datetime, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	datetime: datetime(),
});

datetime('...', { mode: 'date' | "string"}),
datetime('...', { fsp : 0..6}),

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`datetime` datetime
);

import { datetime, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	datetime: datetime({ mode: 'date', fsp: 6 }),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`datetime` datetime(6)
);

time

import { time, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	time: time(),
	timefsp: time({ fsp: 6 }),
});
	
time('...', { fsp: 0..6 }),

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`time` time,
	`timefsp` time(6)
);

year

import { year, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	year: year(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`year` year
);

timestamp

import { timestamp, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	timestamp: timestamp(),
});

timestamp('...', { mode: 'date' | "string"}),
timestamp('...', { fsp : 0..6}),

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`timestamp` timestamp
);

import { timestamp, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	timestamp: timestamp({ mode: 'date', fsp: 6 }),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`timestamp` timestamp(6)
);

import { timestamp, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	timestamp: timestamp().defaultNow(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`timestamp` timestamp DEFAULT (now())
);

---

json

import { json, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	json: json(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`json` json
);

You can specify .$type<..>() for json object inference, it won’t check runtime values. It provides compile time protection for default values, insert and select schemas.

// will be inferred as { foo: string }
json: json().$type<{ foo: string }>();

// will be inferred as string[]
json: json().$type<string[]>();

// won't compile
json: json().$type<string[]>().default({});

---

enum

import { mysqlEnum, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	popularity: mysqlEnum(['unknown', 'known', 'popular']),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`popularity` enum('unknown','known','popular')
);

---

Customizing data type

Every column builder has a .$type() method, which allows you to customize the data type of the column. This is useful, for example, with unknown or branded types.

type UserId = number & { __brand: 'user_id' };
type Data = {
	foo: string;
	bar: number;
};

const users = mysqlTable('users', {
  id: int().$type<UserId>().primaryKey(),
  jsonField: json().$type<Data>(),
});

Not null

NOT NULL constraint dictates that the associated column may not contain a NULL value.

import { int, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	int: int().notNull(),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`int` int NOT NULL
);

Default value

The DEFAULT clause specifies a default value to use for the column if no value is explicitly provided by the user when doing an INSERT. If there is no explicit DEFAULT clause attached to a column definition, then the default value of the column is NULL.

An explicit DEFAULT clause may specify that the default value is NULL, a string constant, a blob constant, a signed-number, or any constant expression enclosed in parentheses.

import { int, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	int: int().default(3),
});

CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`int` int DEFAULT 3
);

When using $default() or $defaultFn(), which are simply different aliases for the same function, you can generate defaults at runtime and use these values in all insert queries. These functions can assist you in utilizing various implementations such as uuid, cuid, cuid2, and many more.

Note: This value does not affect the drizzle-kit behavior, it is only used at runtime in drizzle-orm

import { varchar, mysqlTable } from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core";
import { createId } from '@paralleldrive/cuid2';

const table = mysqlTable('table', {
	id: varchar({ length: 128 }).$defaultFn(() => createId()),
});

When using $onUpdate() or $onUpdateFn(), which are simply different aliases for the same function, you can generate defaults at runtime and use these values in all update queries.

Adds a dynamic update value to the column. The function will be called when the row is updated, and the returned value will be used as the column value if none is provided. If no default (or $defaultFn) value is provided, the function will be called when the row is inserted as well, and the returned value will be used as the column value.