Transactions

SQL transaction is a grouping of one or more SQL statements that interact with a database. A transaction in its entirety can commit to a database as a single logical unit or rollback (become undone) as a single logical unit.

Drizzle ORM provides APIs to run SQL statements in transactions:

const db = drizzle(...)

await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Andrew'));
});

Drizzle ORM supports savepoints with nested transactions API:

const db = drizzle(...)

await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Andrew'));

  await tx.transaction(async (tx2) => {
    await tx2.update(users).set({ name: "Mr. Dan" }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan"));
  });
});

You can embed business logic to the transaction and rollback whenever needed:

const db = drizzle(...)

await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  const [account] = await tx.select({ balance: accounts.balance }).from(accounts).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  if (account.balance < 100) {
    await tx.rollback()
    return
  }

  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Andrew'));
});

You can return values from the transaction:

const db = drizzle(...)

const newBalance: number = await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, 'Andrew'));

  const [account] = await tx.select({ balance: accounts.balance }).from(accounts).where(eq(users.name, 'Dan'));
  return account.balance;
});

You can use transactions with relational queries:

const db = drizzle(..., { schema })

await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
  await tx.query.users.findMany({
    with: {
      accounts: true
    }
  });
});

We provide dialect-specific transaction configuration APIs:

PostgreSQL

MySQL

SQLite

await db.transaction(
  async (tx) => {
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan"));
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Andrew"));
  }, {
    isolationLevel: "read committed",
    accessMode: "read write",
    deferrable: true,
  }
);

interface PgTransactionConfig {
  isolationLevel?:
    | "read uncommitted"
    | "read committed"
    | "repeatable read"
    | "serializable";
  accessMode?: "read only" | "read write";
  deferrable?: boolean;
}

await db.transaction(
  async (tx) => {
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan"));
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Andrew"));
  }, {
    isolationLevel: "read committed",
    accessMode: "read write",
    withConsistentSnapshot: true,
  }
);

interface MySqlTransactionConfig {
  isolationLevel?:
    | "read uncommitted"
    | "read committed"
    | "repeatable read"
    | "serializable";
  accessMode?: "read only" | "read write";
  withConsistentSnapshot?: boolean;
}

await db.transaction(
  async (tx) => {
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} - 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Dan"));
    await tx.update(accounts).set({ balance: sql`${accounts.balance} + 100.00` }).where(eq(users.name, "Andrew"));
  }, {
    behavior: "deferred",
  }
);

interface SQLiteTransactionConfig {
    behavior?: 'deferred' | 'immediate' | 'exclusive';
}

Benchmarks

Studio

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